There have been many research studies conducted to look at how lifestyle, or environmental factors, can influence someone’s chance of developing colorectal cancer. Through these studies, it has been determined that the largest lifestyle factors in colorectal cancer development are diet, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, exercise, and sleep. [1] 

Diet is an important lifestyle factor that can influence your risk of developing colorectal cancer. More colorectal cases are diagnosed in people who consume high amounts of red and processed meats and low quantities of fiber. A fiber-rich diet is one that is mostly vegetables, fruits, and grains. Dietary fiber is key in preventing colorectal cancer as it leads to healthier digestive function, doing things such as shortening digestion times and encouraging healthy gut bacteria. Fiber-rich diets have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, which helps prevent colorectal cancer as chronic inflammation can lead to cancer formation. [1,2]

Alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Multiple studies have shown that more than 30 grams of ethanol per day (approximately two alcohol beverages) can significantly increase your chance of developing colorectal cancer. [1,3] On the other hand, tobacco use—particularly smoking—has been shown to not only significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and pulmonary disease but increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer as well. [1] 

It has been indicated that excessive adipose tissue (body fat) is linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer development, particularly in men. Although the exact way this works has not been completely identified, it has been noted that excessive body fat contributes to chronic inflammation, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, all of which can contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. It has also been shown that those who live a physically active lifestyle are significantly less likely to develop colorectal cancer due to active exercise regulating hormone levels and decreasing overall body fat volume. [1]

Another important lifestyle factor that is more rarely talked about in regard to cancer development and prevention is sleeping habits. Sleeping is crucial for cellular functions, such as DNA damage repair and cellular replication. If the body cannot properly fix damaged DNA or make new cells, there is an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. In fact, it has been indicated that those with consistently abnormal sleep cycles, such as night shift workers, can have a significantly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. [1]

Lifestyle is an important factor in developing colorectal cancer. Those that live a lifestyle that emphasizes a fiber-rich diet that is low in red and processed meats; limits alcohol consumption and tobacco use; maintains active exercise; and maintains adequate sleep cycles are less likely to develop colorectal cancer. [1]

References

1.     Durko, L.; Malecka-Panas, E. Lifestyle modifications and colorectal cancer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950624/ (accessed Mar 1, 2022).

2.     Coussens, L. M.; Werb, Z. Inflammation and cancer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803035/ (accessed Mar 1, 2022).

3.     Alcohol Drinks & grams of alcohol. https://www.nutritionheart.com/alcohol-drinks-grams-of-alcohol/ (accessed Mar 1, 2022).